Below is list of scientific publications chronologically (with link to PDF) - please forward us any relevant publications not listed here at info@parentalalienationresearch.com. This is an informational website to help protect children.
2020
Bernet: Measuring the difference between parental alienation and parental estrangement: The PARQ-Gap
Baker: Reliability and validity of the four-factor model of parental alienation
Goldin: Parental Alienation Syndrome: What Health Care Providers need to know
Rowlands: Parental Alienation: A Measurement Tool Confirmatory Factor Analysis Validation Study
Warshak: Risks and realities of working with alienated children
Polak: Responding to severe parent-child rejection cases without a parentectomy: a blended sequential intervention model and the role of the courts
Lee-Maturana: Targeted Parents Surviving Parental Alienation: Consequences of the Alienation and Coping Strategies
Bernet: Parental Alienation and Misinformation Proliferation
Johnston: Parental alienation: in search of common ground for a more differentiated theory
Lorandos: Parental Alienation in US Courts, 1985-2018
Marcus: Innovative programs in Israel for prevention and responding to Parental Alienation: Education, Early Identification and Timely, effective interventions
Roma: MMPI-2 Profiles of Mothers Engaged in Parental Alienation
Fidler: Concepts, controversies and conundrums of “Alienation:” Lessons learned in a decade and reflections on challenges ahead
Scharp: Individual and community practices for constructing communicative resilience: exploring the communicative process of coping with parental alienation
Moon: Custody evaluation in high-conflict situations focused on domestic violence and parental alienation syndrome
Joshi: Temporary no-contact orders: The necessary ingredient for effective reunification in cases involving parental alienation
Mehrabyan: The definition of psychological pressure on children by the parents at the post-divorce stage
Bernet: Reponse to critique by Milchman, Geffner, and Meier
Bentley: The not-forgotten child: Alienated Adult Children’s Experience of Parental Alienation
2019
Harman: Gender differences in the use of Parental Alienating Behaviors
Verrocchio: Depression and quality of life in adults perceiving exposure to parental alienation behaviors
Rowlands: Parental Alienation: A measurement tool confirmatory factor analysis validation study.
Childress: Empathy, the Family, and the Core of Social Justice (Presentation to American Psychological Association on Aug 9, 2019, Chicago)
Warshak: When evaluators get it wrong: False positive IDs and Parental Alienation
Buica: Parental Alienation from the perspective of personality structure and disorders of divorced couples
Ferber: Parental Alienation Workshop: A pilot program for targeted parents
Albuquerque: Parental alienation: psychological and legal implications
Harman: Prevalence of adults who are the targets of parental alienating behaviors and their impact
Wozencraft: The relationship between psychological function in a college sample and retrospective reports of parental loyalty conflicts and psychological maltreatment
Matrurana: Characteristics and experiences of targeted parents of parental alienation from their won perspective: A systemic literature review
Harman: Parental Alienation: The blossoming of a field of study
Stewart: Considering Parental Alienation when assessing best interest of the child
Aloia: Parent-child communication apprehension: The role of parental alienation and self-esteem
Boch-Galhau: International Classification of Diseases - Parental Alienation
Rohner: Psychological maladjustment mediates the relation between remembrances of parental rejection in childhood and adults fear of intimacy: a multicultural study
Krill-Reiter: Parental Alienation as a predictor of adult marital and romantic relationship quality
James: Maternal criticism and non-suicidal self-injury in school-aged children
Mustapha: Impact of parental separation on the self-esteem of in-school adolescents in Nigeria
Klatt: The influence of harsh parenting and parental warmth during childhood on later involvement in prison misconduct
Priolo :judgement regarding parental alienation when parental hostility or child abuse is alleged
Otgaar: When children’s testimonies are used as evidence: how children’s accounts may impact child custodial decisions
Ponti: The roles of parental attachment and sibling relationships on life satisfaction in emerging adults
Carmela: Family drawing and psychological vulnerability in children’s representations of parental divorce.
Gunsberg: Concluding Remarks: Psychoanalytic reflections on the impact of separation and divorce
Meland: Parental alienation as a health risk (Norwegian)
Tian: Parental psychological control and adolescent aggressive behavior: deviant peer affiliation as a mediator and school connectedness as a moderator
Vakim: Forced family alienation: new data and new opinions on alienation from parents Part I
Harman: Parental Alienation Vs. Loyalty Binds
von Boch-Galhau: Book review - Parental Alienation: Handbook for mental health and legal professionals
Boerchi: The mediating role of students’ perception of parental behaviours between parental attachment and school choice
Sharma: The victimized Victor: A study of parental alienation in Chuck Palahniuk’s Choke
2018
Bernet et al: An Objective Measure of Splitting in Parental Alienation: The Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire.
Harman et al: Parental Alienating Behaviors: An Unacknowledged Form of Family Violence
Warshak: Reclaiming parent-child relationships: Outcomes of family bridges with alienated children
Kurk: Parental alienation as a form of emotional child abuse: current state of knowledge and future directions for research
O’Sullivan: Parental alienation - a systemic perspective
Smith: Parenting time and child coping: The context of parental alienation
von Boch-Galhau: Parental Alienation - A serious form of child mental abuse
Rowland: Parental Alienation: A Measurement Tool
Cardiff University: Review of research and case law on parental alienation
Baker: Reliability and validity of the four-factor model of parental alienation
Blagg: Exploring Parent-Child relationships in alienated versus neglected/emotionally abused children using the Bene-Anthony Family Relations Test
Wozencraft: The relationship between psychological functioning in a college sample and retrospect reports of parental loyalty conflicts and psychological maltreatment
Almeida: Integration project of family mediation in the court of family and children
Gil: The family coexistence in cases of custody arrangements and parental responsibilities in the light of the case law of the European court of human rights
Diaz: Mediation in the new Brazilian civil procedure code - NCPCB: An alternative for conflicts in the context of parental alienation.
Bernet: Scientific basis of parental alienation
2017
Templar et al: Recommendations for best practice in response to parental alienation: findings from a systematic review. This is literature review of research from inception to 2015 regarding parental alienation. Here are the take home messages:
- “Traditional family therapy is ineffective and may cause further damage.”
- “separating the child from the alienating parent was not harmful to the child”
- “Awarding primary parental responsibility to the targeted parent when parental alienation is severe is an important step in ameliorating parental alienation”
- “Research findings indicate that removing the targeted child from the care of their preferred parent does not harm them”
Huff: Development and validation of a scale to measure children’s contact refusal of parents following divorce.
Baker: Bonded to the abuser: How and why maltreated children form and maintain attachments to abusive caregivers
Kurk: The Life of the Alienated Parent
Balmer: Parental Alienation: Targeted parent perspective
Corras: What and how much do children lose in academic settings owing to parental separation?
Monteira: The role of social worker - the value of bounds
Nascimento: Innovations of the Brazilian mediation system: New mediation horizons
Warshak: Stemming the tide of misinformation: International consensus on shared parenting and overnighting
Jones: A new paradigm for parental alienation
Orth: The family environment in early childhood has a long-term effect on self-esteem: a longitudinal study from birth to age 27 years
2016
Verrocchio: Associations between Exposure to Alienating Behaviors, Anxiety, and Depression in an Italian Sample of Adults
Harman et al: Prevalence of parental alienation drawn from a representative poll
Childress: The Domestic Violence of Parental Alienation: The Narcissistic Personality in High-Conflict Divroce
Baker: The linkage between parental alienation behavior and child alienation
Baker: Exposure to parental alienation and subsequent anxiety and expression in Italian adults
Bernet: Child affected by parental relationship distress
Gomide: Analysis of the psychometric properties of a parental alienation scale
Harman: Parents behaving badly: Gender biases in the perception of parental alienating behavior
Seijo: Estimating the epidemiology and quantifying the damages of parental separation in children and adolescents
Smith: Family-based therapy for parent-child reunification
Baker: The reality of parental alienation: Commentary on “Judicial Decision-making in family law proceedings” by Clemente et al
2015
Warshak: Ten Parental Alienation Fallacies That Compromise Decisions in Court
and in Therapy
Bernet: Parental Alienation (Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology 2015)
Warshak: Parental alienation: overview, management, intervention, and practice tips
Reay: Family Reflections: A Promising Therapeutic Program Designed to Treat Severely Alienated Children and Their Family System
Bernet: Children of High-Conflict Divore Face many Challenges
Sher: Parental alienation and suicide in men
Lowenstein: How can the process of parental alienation and the alienator be effectively treated?
Baker: Parental bonding and parental alienation as correlates of psychological maltreatment in adults in intact and non-intact families
Bernet: Symptom checklist-90-revised scores in adult children exposed to alienating behaviors: An Italian sample
Bernet: Parental alienation: misinformation versus facts
Giancarlo: Kids come last: The effect of family law involvement in parental alienation
Vachon: Assessment of the harmful psychiatric and behavioral effects of different forms of child maltreatment
Bernet: Yes, children are susceptible to manipulation: commentary on article by clemente and padilla-racero
Carr: Giving voice to the silence of family estrangement: comparing reasons of estrangement parents and adult children in a non-matched sample
Polak: Children resisting contact with a parent postseparation: assessing this phenomenon using an ecological systems framework
2014
American Psychological Association (APA): Childhood psychological abuse as harmful as sexual and physical abuse
Woodall: Why systemic family therapy can’t help in cases of parental alienation
Baker: Parental Bonding and Parental Alienation as Correlates of Psychological Maltreatment in Adults in Intact and Non-intact Families
Koppejan-Luitze: Pathway to parental alienation or estrangement
Garber: The chameleon child: children as actors in the high conflict divorce drama
Davies: Children’s coping and adjustment in high-conflict homes: the reformulation of emotional security theory
Spinazzola: Unseen wounds: The contribution of psychological maltreatment to child and adolescent mental health and risk outcomes.
Ferguson: Parental separation/divorce in childhood and partnership outcomes at age 30.
Lacey: Parental separation and adult psychological distress: an investigation of material and relational mechanisms
2013
Childress: reconceptualizing Parental Alienation: Parental Personality Disorder and the Trans-generational Transmission of Attachment Trauma.
Rosen: The Child’s Attorney and the Alienated Child: Approaches to resolving the ethical dilemma of diminished capacity
Areskoug: Parental Alienation: A Swedish perspective introduction to a transgenerational case study with policy recommendations: Towards a resolution of the controversy in science and society on parental alienation, Book I
Bernet and Baker: Parental Alienation, DSM-5, and ICD-11: Response to Critics
Baker: Italian college student-reported childhood exposure to parental alienation: correlates with well-being
Toren: Sixteen-session group treatment for children and adolescents with parental alienation and their parents
Austin: Parental gatekeeping and child custody/child access evaluation: Part I: conceptual framework, research, and application
Moore: The tug of war child: counseling children involved in high conflict divorces
Raudino: The quality of parent’child relationships in adolescence is associated with poor adult psychosocial adjustment
Reiter: Impact of divorce and loss of parental contact on health complaints among adolescents
2012
Ben-Ami: The long-term correlates of childhood exposure to parental alienation on adult self-sufficiency and well-being
Godbout: The Life paths and lived experiences of adults who have experienced parental alienation: A retrospective study
Gith: The attitude of the Shari’a courts to parental alienation syndrome: understanding the dynamics of the syndrome in Arab society
Baker: Differentiating alienated from not alienated children: a pilot study
Mone: Assessing parental alienation: Empirical assessment of college students’ recollections of parental alienation during their childhood
Houchin: The parental alienation debate belongs in the courtroom, not in DSM-5
Kruk: Arguments for an equal parental responsibility presumption of contested child custody
2011
Darnall: The Psychosocial Treatment of Parental Alienation
Baker: Adult recall of childhood exposure to parental conflict: unpacking the black box of parental alienation
Rand: Parental Alienation Critics and the Politics of Science.
Mone: Family members’ narratives of divorce and interparental conflict: implications for parental alienation
Baker: To turn a child against a a parent is to turn a child against himself: the direct and indirect effects of exposure to parental alienation strategies on self-esteem and well-being
Garber: Parental alienation and the dynamics of the enmeshed parent-child dyad: adultification, parentification, and infantilization.
Hands: Parental Alienation among college students
2010
Baker: Adult recall of parental alienation in a community sample: prevalence and associations with psychological maltreatment
Warshak: Alienating audiences from innovation: the perils of polemics, ideology, and innuendo
Bernet: Parental Alienation, DSM-V and ICD-11
Fidler et al: CHILDREN RESISTING POSTSEPARATION CONTACT WITH A PARENT: CONCEPTS, CONTROVERSIES, AND CONUNDRUMS
Ellis: Intervention strategies for parent coordinators in parental alienation case
Jaffe: Early identification and prevention of parent-child alienation: a framework for balancing risks and benefits of intervention
Friedlander: When a child rejects a parent: tailoring the intervention to fit the problem
Rand: Parental alienation critics and the politics of science
Sullivan: Overcoming barriers family camp: a program for high-conflict divorced families where a child is resisting contact with a parent
Warshak: Family bridges: using insights from social science to reconnect parents and alienated children
Lowenstein: Attachment theory and parental alienation
Walden: Attachment quality and bullying behavior in school-aged youth
2009
Bow et al: Examining Parental Alienation in Child Custody Cases: A Survey of Mental Health and Legal Professionals
2008
Darnall: Motivational models for spontaneous reunification with the alienated child: part II
Gordon: MMPI-2 findings of primitive defenses in alienating parents
Baker: Parental alienation syndrome - the parent/child disconnect
Ellis: A stepwise approach to evaluating children for parental alienation syndrome
Jager: The development of parental alienation syndrome: Interview protocol (Masters thesis)
2007
Baker: Knowledge and attitudes about the parental alienation syndrome: a survey of custody evaluators
Cartwright: Expanding the parameteres of parental alienation syndrome
Baker: A construct study of the eight symptoms of severe parental alienation syndrome
Garber: Conceptualizing visitation resistance and refusal in the context of parental conflict, separation and divorce
Bala: Sexual abuse allegations and parental separation: smokescreen or fire?
2006
Mone: Perceived Parent-Child Alienation: empirical assessment of parent-child relationships within divorced and intact families
Baker: Patterns of parental alienation syndrome: A qualitative study of adults who are alienated from a parent as a child
Baker: The power of stories/stories about power: Why therapists and clients should read stories about the parental alienation syndrome
Becker: False allegations of sexual abuse on under aged persons: between Munchausen by proxy and parental alienation
2005
Pearlman: Clinical Applications of the Attachment Framework: Relational Treatment of Complex Trauma
Baker: The Long-Term effects of parental alienation on adult children: A Qualitative Research Study
Spruijt: Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) in the Netherlands
Ellis: Help the alienated parent
Johnston: Children of divorce who reject a parent and refuse visitation: recent research and social policy implications
2004
Garber: Parental Alienation in light of attachment theory
Garber: Therapist Alienation: Foreseeing and Forestalling Third-Party Dynamics Undermining Psychotherapy With Children of Conflicted Caregivers
Drozd: Is it abuse, alienation, and/or estrangement? A decision tree
Raso: If the bread goes stale, it’s my dad’s fault: The parental alienation syndrome (Dissertation)
Rueda: An inter-rater reliability study of parental alienation syndrome
2003
Turkat: Parental Alienation Syndrome: A Review of Critical Issues
Johnston: Parental Alignments and Rejection: An Empirical Study of Alienation in Children of Divorce
Gardner: Does DSM-IV have equivalents for parental alienation syndrome (PAS) diagnosis?
Warshak: Bringing sense to parental alienation: a look at the disputes and the evidence
2002
2001
Kelly et al: The Alienated Child: A Reformulation of Parental Alienation Syndrome
Sullivan et al: LEGAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CASES WITH AN ALIENATED CHILD
Zirogiannis: EVIDENTIARY ISSUES WITH PARENTAL ALIENATION SYNDROME
Gardner: Differentiating between parental alienation syndrome and bona fide abuse-neglect
Bone: Parental alienation Syndrome: How to detect it and what to do about it.
Bruck: The suggestibility of children’s memory
1998
Siegel: MMPI-2 Validity scales and suspected parental alienation syndrome
Rand (Part I): The spectrum of parental alienation syndrome
Rand (Part II): The spectrum of parental alienation syndrome
Gardener: Recommendations for dealing with parents who induce a parental alienation syndrome in their children
Lowenstein: Parent alienation syndrome: a two step approach toward a solution
1996
Waldron et al: Understanding and Collaboratively Treating Parental Alienation Syndrome
1994
Dunne et al: The Parental Alienation Syndrome: An Analysis of Sixteen Selected Cases
1993
Klosinski: Psychological maltreatment in the context of separation and divorce
1991
1989
Ainsworth: Attachments beyond infancy